类型316/316L Stainless Steel is a molybdenum steel possessing improved resistance to pitting by solutions containing chlorides and other halides.
此外，它提供了出色的升高温度拉伸，蠕变和应力破裂强度。
化学成分-316/316L不锈钢管和管道
| Grade | 316 | 316L |
|---|---|---|
| UNS指定 | S31600 | S31603 |
| 碳(C)马克斯。 | 0.08 | 0.030* |
| 锰（MN）最大 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| 磷（P）最大 | 0.045 | 0.045 |
| 硫 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
| Silicon (Si) Max. | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 16.0 - 18.0 | 16.0 - 18.0 |
| 镍（NI） | 10.0 – 14.0 | 10.0 – 14.0 |
| 钼（MO） | 2.0 - 3.0 | 2.0 - 3.0 |
| 氮（N） | - | - |
| 铁（铁） | 落下帷幕。 | 落下帷幕。 |
| Other Elements | - | - |
The main constituents of 316 stainless steel - other than iron - are Chromium and Nickel. However, it is the addition of 2% Molybdenum that provides the increased corrosion resistance.
316包含16-18％铬（CR）。铬是所有不锈钢中必不可少的化学物质，它是形成薄的被动层，使金属“不锈钢”
316还含有10-14％的镍（NI）。添加这是为了使奥氏体结构在正常温度下更稳定。
镍还改善了高温氧化耐药性，使钢对应力腐蚀开裂具有抗性。
在哪里the steel is to be stretched formed a lower percentage (8%) of nickel should be selected. If the steel is to be deep drawn a higher percentage is better (9% or more).
此外，可能存在许多其他化学物质，但这些化学物质表示为最大允许的水平，除了316H所需的碳数量增加 - 即最低0.04％，最大为0.10％
电性能
电阻率 |
7.2E-005欧姆CM |
7.2E-005欧姆CM |
在20°C（68°F）；1.16E-04在650°C（1200°F）下 |
磁渗透性 |
1.008 |
1.008 |
在RT |
典型的机械性能 - 不锈钢316/316L
| 材料 | 形式 | 拉伸强度（KSI） | 产量强度（KSI） |
％延伸 | 硬度HB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 合金316L | 316L表AMS 5507 | 最大100 | - | 45 | - |
| 合金316 | 316纸AMS 5524 | 75分钟 | 30 | 45 | 207 max |
物理性质——316/316L / 316H stainless steel in the Annealed Condition at -20°F to +100°F
| 合金 | UNS设计 -ation |
Spec. | 抗拉强度 | 产生强度 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| psi | MPA | KSI | psi | MPA | KSI | 2英寸（最小）％的伸长率 | Grain Size Req. | 最大限度。硬度 | 弹性模量（x106 psi） | Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (IN./IN./°F x 10-6) | Thermal 电导率 (BTU-in/ft2-h-°F) |
|||
| 316 | S31600 | A249，A312 | 75,000 | 515 | 75 | 30，，，，000 | 205 | 30 | 35 | - | 90 rb | 28.0 | 9.2 | 116 |
| 316L | S31603 | A270, A312 | 70,000 | 485 | 70 | 25,000 | 170 | 25 | - | - | 90 rb | 28.0 | 9.2 | 116 |
| 316H | S31609 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7 or coarser | - | - | - | - |
产品范围-316/316L斑块钢
| 合金 | UNS指定 | werkstoff nr。 | 规格* |
|---|---|---|---|
| 316 | S31600 | 1.4401 | A269，A/SA249，A/SA312，A1016，A632，A/SA688 |
| 316L ** | S31603 | 1.4404 | A269，A/SA249，A/SA312，A1016，A632，A/SA688 |
*注意：包括ASTM，ASME或其他适用当局在内的规格在发布时是正确的。其他规格可能适用于在不同的应用中使用这些材料。
典型应用 - 不锈钢316/316L
Tensile Requirements - Stainless Steel 316/316L
抗拉强度（KSI）：70
产生强度（KSI）：25
KSI can be converted to MPA (Megapascals) by multiplying by 6.895.
Also known as "marine grade" stainless steel due to its increased ability to resist saltwater corrosion compared to type 304. SS316 is often used for building nuclear reprocessing plants.
304不锈钢是基本18-8的低碳（最大0.08％），也称为302。
与304型相比，316型对大气和其他温和环境的抵抗力更高。
310s不锈钢has excellent resistance to oxidation under constant temperatures to 2000°F.
317L is a molybdenum bearing austenitic chromium nickel steel similar to type 316, except the alloy content in 317L is somewhat higher.
321型是基本的304型，通过添加钛的数量至少是碳和氮含量的5倍。
Type 410 is a martensitic stainless steel which is magnetic, resists corrosion in mild environents and has fairly good ductility.
双工2205（UNS S31803），，，，or Avesta Sheffield 2205 is a ferritic-austenitic stainless steel.
双工2507（UNS S32750）是一种超级双链不锈钢，具有25％铬，4％钼。
UNS S32760 is described as a super duplex stainless with a microstructure of 50:50 austenite and ferrite.
不锈钢316是一种奥氏体钢，具有出色的焊接和形成特性。
特性
它是第二常用的不锈钢，约占全世界不锈钢生产的20％。
将其与大多数其他不锈钢区分开的关键要素是钼的包含在2％至3％之间，这通常增强了其一般的耐药性腐蚀，尤其是点蚀腐蚀。
It is malleable and ductile and has good weldability. Its austenitic structure allows it to be deep drawn without intermediate annealing. It is also unnecessary to anneal it following welding thin sections.
但是，钼的包含可能会对其形成性产生一些不利影响。
It is widely used in:
在退火状态下，即使在冷工作时，它实际上也是非磁性的，与304不同，在冷工作后可以显着吸引磁铁。这可能使其在某些应用中更适合。
316的主要好处是什么？
The range of properties of 316 make it second only to 304 in quantity used and it is employed in many industries.
对于在大气中可能有大量盐的沿海地区建筑应用来说，这是一个不错的选择，但是它比304贵，并且不必要远离沿海地区。在海上船上，无论是甲板还是以下，这都是钢配件的自然选择。
It should also be considered for use in cold climates where significant amounts of de-icing salt is used on the roads. In these environments the level of salt in the atmosphere can be much higher than that found in coastal areas.
更大的耐腐蚀性和良好的外观性的结合使其成为一个不错的选择食品和饮料加工设备；热水系统；如果可能存在氯化物，则植物进行化学，石化，矿物质加工。
但是，应该记住，它不像其他奥氏体钢那样容易加工。
304的主要好处是什么？
耐腐蚀性能
The major benefit of 316 is its increased corrosion resistance. In addition to its resistance to chlorides it is also highly resistant to sulfuric, and sulfurous acids, acetic acid, as well as many industrial chemicals and solvents. These types of corrosive process chemicals are used to make a wide variety of products including inks, textiles, photographic chemicals, paper, textiles, rubber, and bleaches.
您应该知道，316的腐蚀性有局限性，如果在敌对环境中使用它，应采取护理。在北欧水域的离岸工业中使用通常是安全的，这被认为是可安全用于长时间接触海水的最高温度。
英国HSE发表了一篇很棒的论文，内容涉及为离岸行业选择不锈钢。点击这里。
耐热性
316在间歇性暴露于最高870oC的温度和连续暴露于925oC的温度下，氧化很好。
It is not recommended for use in the 425oC to 860oC range if resistance to aqueous corrosion is required.
如果存在晶间腐蚀316L的危险，则较低的碳形式对碳化物沉淀具有更大的抵抗力。
316h在较高的温度下提供了更大的强度，并且通常用于高压高于500oC的高压应用中。如果需要提高对氯化物的抗性，则应考虑316TI。钛的添加导致形成碳化钛，而不是碳化物铬，从而更好地抵抗晶间腐蚀。
316的限制是什么？
The major drawback of 316 over 304 stainless steel is the increased cost - generally about 20% to 25% higher. However, when considering cost the "whole-life" cost should be calculated and the increased corrosion resistance of 316 may result in it producing a considerable saving.
Stress Corrosion Cracking
Austenitic stainless steels can be subject to stress corrosion cracking but 316 is generally more resistant particularly at ambient temperatures. However, there have been some curious examples of stress corrosion cracking that are worth bearing in mind.
在存在卤化物在环境温度下的卤化应力腐蚀裂解的情况下，湿度环境不断。因此，至少一个游泳池屋顶倒塌了。
应该强调的是良好的表面表面处理，良好的焊接技术对减少各种形式的腐蚀的脆弱性有很大的作用。
变体-316L，316H＆316TI
316级的两个主要变体是低碳形式316L和高碳形式316H
316L的碳最高为0.30％。这降低了焊接时碳化物沉淀的趋势。碳化物沉淀会导致晶间腐蚀。
316H的碳为0.04至0.1％。这使其在高温下的强度更大，但确实使其在焊接时更容易受到碳化物沉淀的影响。
如果避免碳化物沉淀很重要，那么使用钛添加钛的316Ti可能是答案。钛与形成碳纤维的碳组合，而不是保留被动层的铬。
In common with 304, 316 has a maximum of 0.08% carbon, there are potential overlaps in the specifications which means that it is not uncommon to find dual specification.
316L having less than 0.08% carbon it can, therefore, be described as 316/316L.
316的碳可能具有0.08％的碳，因此，如果其碳含量在0.04至0.08％的碳之间，则可以描述为316/316H。
形式s available
不锈钢316、316H，316L表格可用
防锈的steel is one of the more standardized materials in the building and engineering industries.
